The Coated Sand Casting Casting

The Coated Sand Casting Casting

To meet the requirements of various working conditions, heat-resistant steel castings are continuously developing. From the early low carbon steel and low alloy steel to the complex composition and multiple alloy high alloy heat-resistant steel, the development has been significant.

Now, various types of heat-resistant steel are being introduced, such as pearl body type low alloy thermal strength steel, martensitic type thermal strength steel, valve steel, iron body type heat-resistant steel, austenitic type heat-resistant steel, etc.

1) Belet type low alloy thermal strength steel
One of the representative steels in this category is 12Cr1MoV, which exhibits good tissue stability and maintains excellent thermal strength even at high temperatures up to 580°C.

2) Martensitic-type hot-strength steel

The representative of steel: Cr 12 type martensite thermal strong steel, has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, good thermal strength, corrosion resistance, and vibration attenuation, widely used in manufacturing turbine blades and forming a unique blade steel series. It is widely used as a cylinder sealing ring, high-temperature bolt, rotor, and boiler superheater, in heat tubes, gas turbine turbine disks, blades, compressors, aero engine compressor blades, wheels, turbine blades, and aerospace missile components, etc. The development and application of Cr 12 type heat-resistant steel have a history of more than 60 years, with at least 300 kinds of brand names. However, the difference in its composition is not big; they are based on Cr 12 steel with the addition of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, niobium, boron, nitrogen, titanium, cobalt, and other elements to make some changes.

3) Valve steel

Valve steel is an important category of heat-resistant steel, with 21 Cr-9 Mn-4Ni-N steel (21-4N) being its representative. Compared to 21 Cr-12 NiN and 14 Cr-14Ni2W-Mox, it offers superior performance and cost-effectiveness, making it quickly adopted in gasoline engine exhaust valves. The addition of sulfur to 21-4N steel, forming 21-4NS, enhances its cutting performance. Furthermore, the inclusion of niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium improves high-temperature strength, fatigue strength, and wear resistance, leading to the development of steels such as 21-4 W NbN and X60CrMnMoVNbN2110.

4) Ferriite heat-resistant steel

This type of steel maintains its tissue stability both at room temperature and during use at elevated temperatures. It typically contains higher chromium content, no nickel, and only small amounts of silicon, titanium, molybdenum, beryllium, and other elements.

5) Austenitic-shaped heat-resistant steel

Representative steels in this category include 18 Cr-8Ni, 25 Cr-20Ni, Cr-Mn-N, Fe-Mn-Al, etc., known for their high thermal strength and excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures. They are commonly used for parts above 600°C, with antioxidant temperatures reaching 850-1250°C.

In China, besides replicating and producing numerous foreign heat-resistant steel grades, several austenitic-shaped heat-resistant steels like Cr-Mn-N, Cr-Mn-Ni-N, Cr-Ni-N, Fe-Al-Mn, and Cr-Mn-Al-Si have been developed over the years. Some examples, such as Cr18Mn12Si2N, Cr20Mn9Ni2Si2N, and 3Cr24Ni7SiNRe, are included in national standards for promotion and application.

Casting heat-resistant steel holds a significant share in the field of heat-resistant steel since the 1970s and 1980s.

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